{
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  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "2d55fcfd",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/adriangb/scikeras/blob/docs-deploy/refs/heads/master/notebooks/Benchmarks.ipynb\"><img src=\"https://www.tensorflow.org/images/colab_logo_32px.png\">Run in Google Colab</a>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c27f1ecb",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# SciKeras Benchmarks\n",
    "\n",
    "SciKeras wraps Keras Models, but does not alter their performance since all of the heavy lifting still happens within Keras/Tensorflow. In this notebook, we compare the performance and accuracy of a pure-Keras Model to the same model wrapped in SciKeras.\n",
    "\n",
    "## Table of contents\n",
    "\n",
    "* [1. Setup](#1.-Setup)\n",
    "* [2. Dataset](#2.-Dataset)\n",
    "* [3. Define Keras Model](#3.-Define-Keras-Model)\n",
    "* [4. Keras benchmarks](#4.-Keras-benchmarks)\n",
    "* [5. SciKeras benchmark](#5.-SciKeras-benchmark)\n",
    "\n",
    "## 1. Setup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "9c28c1eb",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
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     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.193281Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    import scikeras\n",
    "except ImportError:\n",
    "    !python -m pip install scikeras"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b2f07bd3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Silence TensorFlow logging to keep output succinct."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "1dc08b32",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.199041Z",
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     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.199892Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.200519Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import warnings\n",
    "from tensorflow import get_logger\n",
    "get_logger().setLevel('ERROR')\n",
    "warnings.filterwarnings(\"ignore\", message=\"Setting the random state for TF\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "819012d6",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.204084Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.203447Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.721113Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.720244Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from scikeras.wrappers import KerasClassifier, KerasRegressor\n",
    "from tensorflow import keras"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b9395cd8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2. Dataset\n",
    "\n",
    "We will be using the MNIST dataset available within Keras."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "ae0aa7d5",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.725044Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-11-29T20:46:24.723872Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.417115Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.415494Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()\n",
    "# Scale images to the [0, 1] range\n",
    "x_train = x_train.astype(\"float32\") / 255\n",
    "x_test = x_test.astype(\"float32\") / 255\n",
    "# Make sure images have shape (28, 28, 1)\n",
    "x_train = np.expand_dims(x_train, -1)\n",
    "x_test = np.expand_dims(x_test, -1)\n",
    "# Reduce dataset size for faster benchmarks\n",
    "x_train, y_train = x_train[:2000], y_train[:2000]\n",
    "x_test, y_test = x_test[:500], y_test[:500]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "410ce42d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3. Define Keras Model\n",
    "\n",
    "Next we will define our Keras model (adapted from [keras.io](https://keras.io/examples/vision/mnist_convnet/)):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "82d60bb3",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.431871Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.431227Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.435063Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.435532Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "num_classes = 10\n",
    "input_shape = (28, 28, 1)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def get_model():\n",
    "    model = keras.Sequential(\n",
    "        [\n",
    "            keras.Input(input_shape),\n",
    "            keras.layers.Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3, 3), activation=\"relu\"),\n",
    "            keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)),\n",
    "            keras.layers.Conv2D(64, kernel_size=(3, 3), activation=\"relu\"),\n",
    "            keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)),\n",
    "            keras.layers.Flatten(),\n",
    "            keras.layers.Dropout(0.5),\n",
    "            keras.layers.Dense(num_classes, activation=\"softmax\"),\n",
    "        ]\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    model.compile(\n",
    "        loss=\"sparse_categorical_crossentropy\", optimizer=\"adam\"\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    return model"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c14d426b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 4. Keras benchmarks"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "cca2fa9c",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.441119Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.440364Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.442324Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.442884Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fit_kwargs = {\"batch_size\": 128, \"validation_split\": 0.1, \"verbose\": 0, \"epochs\": 5}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "fc41c638",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.448833Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.447292Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.449498Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.449985Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score\n",
    "from scikeras.utils.random_state import tensorflow_random_state"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "5df54304",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.455690Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-11-29T20:46:25.455056Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:36.841735Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:36.842208Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Training time: 11.02\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Accuracy: 0.88\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from time import time\n",
    "\n",
    "with tensorflow_random_state(seed=0):  # we force a TF random state to be able to compare accuracy\n",
    "    model = get_model()\n",
    "    start = time()\n",
    "    model.fit(x_train, y_train, **fit_kwargs)\n",
    "    print(f\"Training time: {time()-start:.2f}\")\n",
    "    y_pred = np.argmax(model.predict(x_test), axis=1)\n",
    "print(f\"Accuracy: {accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9cc1b83d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5. SciKeras benchmark"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "a272d111",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:36.850755Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-11-29T20:46:36.849849Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:36.853537Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:36.854059Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "clf = KerasClassifier(\n",
    "    model=get_model,\n",
    "    random_state=0,\n",
    "    **fit_kwargs\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "01871dac",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-11-29T20:46:36.859470Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-11-29T20:46:36.858560Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-11-29T20:46:47.427691Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-11-29T20:46:47.428530Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Training time: 10.33\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Accuracy: 0.88\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "start = time()\n",
    "clf.fit(x_train, y_train)\n",
    "print(f\"Training time: {time()-start:.2f}\")\n",
    "y_pred = clf.predict(x_test)\n",
    "print(f\"Accuracy: {accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ec43ceb8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As you can see, the overhead for SciKeras is <1 sec, and the accuracy is identical."
   ]
  }
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